Apacheria in Southwest New Mexico: Exploring the Homeland of the Chiricahua Apache (Part 1)
author: Casitas de Gila staff
source date: 2013
availability: web

Comprehensive overview of Chiricahua Apache history in southwest New Mexico. Covers the four main Chiricahua bands: Bedonkohe, Chihene, Chokonen, and Nednhi and their geographic territories. Details the early conflict between Chiricahua and New Spain/Mexico from the 1600s to mid-1800s; the Santa Rita del Cobre mine discovered in 1800 when an Apache showed Lt. Colonel Jose Manuel Carrasco the site; the history of the Chino Mine; the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 and the Treaty of Hidalgo; Mangas Coloradas being attacked and flogged by miners near Pinos Altos in 1851; the 1860 surprise attack on Chihene camp by 30 miners; the Bascom Affair of January 1861 leading to Cochise's War; the murder of Mangas Coloradas at Fort McLane in January 1863; the establishment of Fort Bayard in 1866; Cochise's peace treaty with General Oliver O. Howard in 1872; the closure of the Chiricahua Reservation in 1876; and the final surrender of Geronimo in 1886.