Apache Indians — Borderlands Adaptation and Ceremonial Legacy
In the Spanish borderlands, Apache groups including Chiricahua and Mimbreno bands adapted to colonial policies through raiding, trading, and strategic alliance, creating a web of economic interdependence, gift economies, and negotiated coexistence [7]. By 1889, Indian depredations kept the country in commotion, and Kirker gained a reputation as an Indian fighter repulsing attacks on mine pack-mule trains [5]. In 1890, a predatory band of Apaches from the San Carlos reservation was feared returning to Arizona [4]. In 1891, four Mescalero Apaches including Roman Chiquito escaped from soldiers who marched them out to work daily [6][8][3]. The Apache Indians are also associated with the Jicarilla Apache Fiesta, a ceremony with teepees and horses, depicted by LaVerne Nelson Black under the Public Works of Art Project [1][2].
Sources
- Jicarilla Apache Fiesta ↗ · detailsJicarilla Apache Fiesta Subjects: Rites and ceremonies; Festivals; Animals; Architecture; Domestic; Figure group; Horses; Public Works of Art Project; Teepee; New Deal, 1933-1939; Black, LaVerne Nelson; Indians of North America; Apache Ind…
- Jicarilla Apache Fiesta ↗ · detailsJicarilla Apache Fiesta Subjects: Rites and ceremonies; Festivals; Animals; Architecture; Domestic; Figure group; Horses; Public Works of Art Project; Teepee; New Deal, 1933-1939; Black, LaVerne Nelson; Indians of North America; Apache Ind…
- Silver City Enterprise — 1891 (full OCR, Internet Archive) — 1891-05-08 (1891)all right, tomorrow Apache all run. Other day Apache he work all day, then when soon come night soldier he say ‘d~n Apache vamose cala- boose! Then I say to Apache, now ! run 1 Then all Apache run, not run…
- It is supposed that this is a predatory band… (1890)It is supposed that this is a predatory band of Apaches from the San Carlos reservation now on their return to Arizona, and it is feared they may do a large amount of damage enroute.
- The whole country at the time was kept in… (1889)The whole country at the time was kept in commotion by Indian depredations; to the in- habitants they were a holy terror, and every trip they made there was an attack on the pack- mule train going or coming …
- Silver City Enterprise — 1891 (full OCR, Internet Archive) — 1891-05-08 (1891)adventure of these four Indians was related to me by Roman Chiquito himself. I would like to tell it in his own simple words, but as he spoke a mixture of Apache, Spanish and English his exact language ca…
- Apache Adaptation to Hispanic Rule (2016) ↗ · detailsExamines how Apache groups in the Spanish borderlands, including the Chiricahua and Mimbreno bands, adapted to Spanish colonial policies through raiding, trading, and strategic alliance. Challenges the narrative of Apache resistance as pure…
- “There were four of us,” said he, “all Mes-… (1891)“There were four of us,” said he, “all Mes- calero Apaches; every day the soldiers would march us out to work; there were hundred sol- diers, thousand soldiers ; when Apache no work hard, soldiers hit him with …