Buffalo Soldiers in Grant County, New Mexico

The Buffalo Soldiers were five all-black regiments—the 9th and 10th Cavalry and the 24th, 25th, and 38th Infantry—created in 1866 ^[1]. Nearly 4,000 Buffalo Soldiers served at 11 frontier forts in New Mexico, with the first black troops arriving at Fort Selden in 1866 ^[1]. They had no African American officers and experienced extreme racial prejudice ^[1]. The soldiers fought against Victorio in Hembrillo Canyon near Victorio Peak and in Dog Canyon ^[1]. They also served in the Spanish-American War, the Philippine-American War, border security during the Mexican Revolution, and World War I under French command—the first American troops controlled by a foreign power ^[1]. The Army ended segregation in 1951 ^[1].